.webp)
Violence against women is a prevailing global issue, with women being the primary victims and often enduring more severe forms of violence. Gender bias and social injustice are pervasive worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately one in three women experiences domestic violence at some point in their lives, making them more susceptible to using intimate partner violence as a means of self-defense compared to men. Regrettably, the situation worsens for women residing in underdeveloped countries.
In Pakistan, violence against women is a grave and widespread problem. Factors such as lack of education, poor health conditions, and low participation in the workforce render women more vulnerable to violence and other criminal acts. Additionally, the absence of empowerment, poverty, and lawlessness contribute to the perpetration of violence against women in the country.
Countless Pakistani women live in constant fear, enduring violence on a daily basis. Such is the deep-rooted influence of patriarchal customs and traditions that many do not view violence against women as an abnormality. The prevalence of violence against women in Pakistan is fueled by gender norms that normalize and justify gender inequality and violence. From an early age, girls in Pakistan learn to interact with societal figures, particularly male family members, in accordance with gender-based socialization. They are taught to obey, suppress their emotions, and practice patience.
Gender socialization exacerbates gender disparities in education, income, employment, and empowerment. With women constituting half of Pakistan's population, empowering them would involve strengthening the position of this significant percentage of society. Ignoring the safety and security of such a substantial portion of the population is not an option.
Over the past three years, reported cases of domestic violence in Pakistan have witnessed a significant surge. Heart-wrenching incidents, such as brutal murders, honor killings, sexual harassment, child marriage, and acid attacks against women, have been reported with alarming frequency. The year 2023 began with the devastating news of a mother of five being murdered in Larkana, Sindh, allegedly by her husband in the presence of her children. Another case involved the murder of a 27-year-old woman by a close friend after she rejected his marriage proposal. Additionally, a 32-year-old mother of four was tortured and killed by her alcoholic husband.
Domestic violence, encompassing physical assault and psychological harassment, is a crime against both society and humanity. A substantial portion of psychological and psychiatric research on criminal behavior revolves around the belief that humans, like animals, are driven by various biological urges, drives, and needs. Many scientists argue that by observing and studying the animal kingdom, particularly primates, we can gain insights into the reasons behind human violent behavior.
Research indicates that individuals who commit brutal and violent crimes often have undiagnosed and untreated psychological issues. Symptoms of mental illness, such as unpredictable mood swings, fascination with violence, and uncontrollable rage, frequently manifest in these individuals. In addition to violence against women being a pressing concern in Pakistan, the lack of awareness regarding mental health is also alarming.
Addressing the root causes of violence in society is crucial for safeguarding women. Gender bias, systemic discrimination, insufficient mental health awareness, and limited access to education all contribute to the increase in violent crimes against women in Pakistan. Ensuring women's safety is the collective responsibility of both the state and society. Measures must be implemented to tackle these factors and foster a more equitable and secure society.
This article is written by Dr Fozia Aamir Siddiqui for thenews.com.pk